Mu gihe Leta ya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo ikomeje gushaka uburyo bwo gukemura ikibazo cya FDLR, amakuru aturuka mu bice bya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru avuga ko uyu mutwe ukomeje kugaragara mu bice birimo Pariki ya Virunga na Masisi. Ku Rwanda, FDLR ni ikibazo gikomeye cy’umutekano w’igihugu, mu gihe Kinshasa ivuga ko igomba gukemurwa binyuze mu kwambura abarwanyi intwaro no kubasubiza mu buzima busanzwe. Iri tandukaniro rikomeje kuba kimwe mu bibazo bikomeye biri hagati ya Kinshasa na Kigali.**
FDLR yongeye kuba ikibazo gikomeye muri dipolomasi
Ikibazo cy’umutwe wa FDLR cyongeye gufata umwanya ukomeye mu biganiro bigamije gushaka amahoro mu burasirazuba bwa Congo.
Nubwo intambara yo muri aka karere ifite impamvu nyinshi, ikibazo cya FDLR ni kimwe mu by’ingenzi biri hagati ya Kinshasa na Kigali.
U Rwanda rumaze igihe rusaba ko uyu mutwe ukurwa ku butaka bwa Congo, ruvuga ko kuba ukorera hafi y’umupaka warwo bishobora guhungabanya umutekano w’igihugu.
Kinshasa yo ivuga ko ikibazo cya FDLR gishobora gukemurwa mu buryo bw’amahoro. Ni yo mpamvu yashyize imbere gahunda yo gushishikariza abarwanyi bayo gushyira intwaro hasi, bakamburwa intwaro, bakavanwa mu bikorwa by’igisirikare, nyuma bakinjizwa muri gahunda yo gusubizwa mu buzima busanzwe.
Anzuluni ashakira Kinshasa ubufatanye mu karere
Mu rwego rwo gushaka inkunga y’ibihugu byo mu karere, Minisitiri Floribert Anzuluni amaze iminsi akora ingendo za dipolomasi.
Ku wa 5 Ukwakira 2026, Anzuluni yahuye na Perezida wa Uganda, Yoweri Museveni, i Entebbe, amushyikiriza ubutumwa bwa Perezida Félix Tshisekedi.
Mu biganiro byabo harimo ikibazo cy’umutekano mu burasirazuba bwa Congo, inzira y’amahoro ndetse n’uburyo ikibazo cya FDLR cyakemuka.
Anzuluni kandi yagejeje kuri Museveni amakuru ku ntambwe Kinshasa imaze gutera mu gahunda yo gushishikariza abarwanyi ba FDLR gushyira intwaro hasi.
Ibi bigaragaza ko Kinshasa ishaka ko ikibazo cya FDLR gikemurwa binyuze mu biganiro, ubufatanye bw’ibihugu byo mu karere ndetse na gahunda yo gusubiza abarwanyi mu buzima busanzwe.
Amasezerano ya Washington n’ikibazo cya FDLR
Mu masezerano ya Washington hagati ya Congo n’u Rwanda, ikibazo cya FDLR ni kimwe mu ngingo z’ingenzi zigomba gukemurwa kugira ngo inzira y’amahoro ikomeze.
Muri ayo masezerano havugwamo “neutralisation”, bisobanuye gukuraho ubushobozi bwa FDLR bwo gukomeza gukora ibikorwa bya gisirikare bishobora guhungabanya umutekano.
Muri iyi gahunda hanavugwamo CONOPS, impine y’amagambo y’Icyongereza *Concept of Operations*. Ni inyandiko igaragaza uko ibikorwa biteganyijwe bizakorwa.
Hari kandi OPORD, ari yo *Operational Order*, cyangwa amabwiriza yihariye agenga igikorwa iyo gahunda igeze ku rwego rwo gushyirwa mu bikorwa.
Ni ngombwa gutandukanya izi nyandiko n’igikorwa cya gisirikare ubwacyo. Kuba CONOPS cyangwa OPORD biteganywa ntibihita bisobanura ko igikorwa cya gisirikare cyatangiye.
Kinshasa ishyira imbere kwitanga ku bushake
Kinshasa yatangaje ko iri gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda yo gushishikariza abarwanyi ba FDLR kwitanga ku bushake no gushyira intwaro hasi.
Minisitiri Anzuluni yavuze ko iyi gahunda iri mu murongo wo gushyira mu bikorwa inshingano Congo yemeye mu nzira y’amahoro.
Ariko ikibazo kiriho ni ukumenya niba iyi gahunda izashobora gukuraho burundu ubushobozi bwa FDLR bwo kongera kurwana.
Kigali isaba ko hatangwa gihamya y’uko abarwanyi bashyize intwaro hasi batazongera kubaka umutwe wa gisirikare.
Ni yo mpamvu ikibazo atari ugushyira intwaro hasi gusa. Hakenewe kumenya aho abarwanyi bari, uko bazamburwa intwaro, aho bazajyanwa ndetse n’uburyo hazagenzurwa ko batongera gufata intwaro.
FDLR yongeye kugaragara mu bice bya Virunga
Mu gihe Kinshasa ikomeje gahunda yo kwambura FDLR intwaro, amakuru y’umutekano avuga ko uyu mutwe wongeye kugaragara mu bice bimwe bya Rutshuru no hafi ya Pariki ya Virunga.
Raporo y’impuguke za Loni yasohotse mu 2025 yagaragaje ko imirwano hagati ya AFC/M23 n’ingabo z’u Rwanda, ku ruhande rumwe, na FDLR n’abafatanyabikorwa bayo, ku rundi, yagize ingaruka ku mikorere y’uyu mutwe.
Iyo raporo yavuze ko bamwe mu bayobozi n’abarwanyi ba FDLR bimukiye mu bice birimo Nyiragongo na Virunga.
Muri abo bayobozi harimo Gen. Pacifique Ntawunguka uzwi ku izina rya **Omega**.
Virunga ni agace kagizwe ahanini n’amashyamba n’imisozi miremire, ku buryo imitwe yitwaje intwaro ishobora kuhihisha no kwimukira mu bindi bice mu buryo bworoshye.
FDLR mu birindiro yahozemo Kazaroho, Paris na Bwiza
Amakuru aturuka mu bice bya Rutshuru avuga ko FDLR yongeye kugaragara mu bice yari isanzwe ikoreramo mbere y’uko AFC/M23 ifata Goma, mu hantu havugwa harimo **Kazaroho, Paris na Bwiza.
Kazaroho yagiye ivugwa nk’ahantu hakoreraga bamwe mu bayobozi ba FDLR, mu gihe Paris na ho hagiye havugwa nk’ahantu uyu mutwe wagiraga ibirindiro, muri Bwiza ho havugwa ibikorwa bya CRAP, umutwe wihariye wa FDLR.
Masisi na ho ni kamwe mu duce FDLR yagiye igiramo ibikorwa bikomeye,mu 2026, muri iki gihe biravugwa ishuri rikuru rya gisilikare riyobowe na Maj gen Mandevu ryongeye kugaruka iRutangara, muri Masisi, aho hantu havugwaga ishuri rikuru rya gisirikare ndetse n’ibiro by’ubuyobozi bwa FDLR,ninaho hakorera ishuri ritegura aba Su ofisiye ryitwa ESSO riyobowe na Gen BGD Matovu.
Aya makuru agaragaza ko FDLR ifite imiterere irenze kuba itsinda ry’abarwanyi rikorera mu mashyamba.
Kuba igifite amashuri atoza abasirikare n’inzego z’ubuyobozi biracyari imbogamizi zo kuyambura ubushobozi .
FARDC na FDLR mu bufatanye bwo kurwanya AFC/M23
Umubano hagati ya FARDC na FDLR ni indi ngingo ikomeje guteza impaka.
Raporo z’impuguke za Loni zagiye zivuga ku mikoranire hagati ya bamwe mu barwanyi ba FDLR n’ingabo za Leta ya Congo mu bice bimwe by’intambara.
Hari kandi amakuru avuga ko abarwanyi ba FDLR bagiye bakorana na FARDC ndetse n’indi mitwe ishyigikiye Leta mu kurwanya AFC/M23.
Ibi bituma Kigali ikomeza kugira amakenga ku buryo ikibazo cya FDLR kirimo gukemurwa.
Hari ibirego by’uko FARDC ikomeje guha FDLR amafaranga cyangwa ibikoresho bifatwa nk’ukuri cyane ko kw’ikubitiro Col.Kotolonga wafatiwe ibihano na Amerika ari umwe mu bari bashinzwe igikorwa cyo guhuz igisilikare cya FARDC na FDLR
FDLR mu bice bigenzurwa na AFC/M23
Amakuru aturuka mu bice bya Kabizo, Rugali, Kiwanja na Masisi avuga ko abarwanyi ba FDLR bagiye bagaba ibitero ku bayobozi b’inzego z’ibanze bashyizweho na AFC/M23.
Aya makuru, yemejwe n’andi masoko yigenga, agaragaza ko FDLR ikomeje kugira uruhare mu ntambara iri kubera muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru,aho ikomeje no gushimuta abaturage ndetse ikanasahura inka z’aborozi.
Isomo rya Umoja Wetu na Kimia II niryo ryagakwiye kwifashishwa mu gusenya FDLR
Amateka y’ibikorwa byo kurwanya FDLR agaragaza ko iki kibazo kimaze imyaka myinshi.
Mu ntangiriro za 2009, FARDC n’Ingabo z’u Rwanda bakoze Operation Umoja Wetu, igikorwa gihuriweho cyo kurwanya FDLR muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru.
Nyuma y’uko ingabo z’u Rwanda zivuye muri Congo, FARDC yakomeje ibikorwa binyuze muri Operation Kimia II, ibifashijwemo na MONUC.
Raporo ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ku burenganzira bwa muntu muri Congo yo mu 2009 ivuga ko Kimia II yafashije mu kwambura intwaro no gusubiza mu Rwanda abarwanyi ba FDLR 1,522, hamwe n’abantu 2,187 bari babashamikiyeho.
MONUC kandi yagereranije ko abarwanyi ba FDLR 1,114 bishwe muri ibyo bikorwa. Raporo yavuze ko ibikorwa byagabanyije ubushobozi bwa gisirikare bwa FDLR kandi biyisunika kure y’imijyi minini ndetse n’ahantu yari ifite ibikorwa by’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, Ariko ibyo bikorwa ntibyatumye FDLR irangira burundu.
Raporo y’Abanyamerika yavuze ko nubwo ibikorwa bya gisirikare byacogoje uwo mutwe, bitashoboye gusenya burundu imiterere yawo ya politiki n’igisirikare.
Ibi ni isomo rikomeye ku bikorwa byose bigamije gukemura ikibazo cya FDLR, kuko umutekano w’abaturage ugomba kujyana no kurwanya imitwe yitwaje intwaro.
Kuki ikibazo cya FDLR gikomeza guhangayikisha Kigali?
Kugaruka kwa FDLR mu bice bya Virunga, Rutshuru na Masisi bishobora kongera impungenge ku Rwanda, cyane cyane iyo abarwanyi bayo bakomeje kuba hafi y’umupaka.
Kuri Kigali, ikibazo ntabwo ari umubare w’abarwanyi gusa. Ni ubushobozi bw’uyu mutwe bwo kongera kwishyira hamwe, kubona intwaro no gukora ibikorwa bishobora guhungabanya umutekano w’u Rwanda,ikindi uyu mutwe ugizwe n’SAbayobozi basize bakoze Jenoside mu Rwanda.
Ni yo mpamvu u Rwanda rushaka ko ikibazo cya FDLR gikemurwa mu buryo bushobora kugenzurwa kandi bukagaragaza ko ubushobozi bwayo bwa gisirikare bwavuyeho.
Ejo hazaza h’amasezerano ya Washington
Ikibazo cya FDLR kiri mu bizagerageza niba amasezerano ya Washington ashobora gushyirwa mu bikorwa uko bikwiye.
Kinshasa igomba kugaragaza ko abarwanyi bashyira intwaro hasi batongera gusubira ku rugamba.
Kigali na yo igomba kubona ko ikibazo cy’umutekano yagiye ivuga cyakemutse mu buryo burambye.
Mwizerwa Ally
rwandatribune
