Gufunga inganda zirenga 150 zikora ibinyobwa bisindisha no gufata abantu bakekwaho kubikora, gukwirakwiza no gucuruza inzoga zitujuje ubuziranenge byongeye kuzamura ikibazo kirenze kure ba nyir’izo nganda.
Ikibazo gikomeye ubu ni ukumenya uko igenzura ry’ubuziranenge ryakorwaga mbere, ndetse n’impamvu ibicuruzwa bishobora gushyira ubuzima bw’abaturage mu kaga byashoboye kugera ku isoko igihe kirekire.
Ni ikibazo kireba imikorere y’inzego za Leta zifite inshingano zo kugenzura ubuziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa, kurengera umuguzi no kurinda ubuzima rusange.
Mu gihe Polisi y’u Rwanda n’Urwego rw’Ubugenzacyaha, RIB, bikomeje ibikorwa byo gufata abantu bakekwaho ibyaha bifitanye isano n’ibinyobwa bitujuje ubuziranenge, haracyakenewe ibisubizo ku kibazo cy’uko iki kibazo cyamenyekanye ku rugero ruriho ubu.
Ese ni ikibazo cyavutse vuba, cyangwa ibimenyetso byacyo byari bimaze igihe ariko uburyo bwo kugikumira ntibukorwe uko bikwiye?
Ni izihe nzego zari zifite inshingano zo kugenzura?
Mu Rwanda hari inzego zitandukanye zifite inshingano zijyanye no kugenzura ubuziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa no kurengera umuguzi.
Muri zo harimo Rwanda Standards Board (RSB), Rwanda Food and Drugs Authority (Rwanda FDA), Rwanda Inspectorate, Competition and Consumer Protection Authority (RICA) ndetse na Minisiteri y’Ubuzima (MINISANTE).
Nubwo izi nzego zidafite inshingano zimwe, ibikorwa byazo bihurira ku ntego imwe: kurinda umuguzi no gukumira ko ibicuruzwa bishobora kumwangiriza ubuzima bigera ku isoko.
RSB ifite uruhare mu gushyiraho no guteza imbere ibipimo ngenderwaho by’ubuziranenge.
Rwanda FDA ifite inshingano zikomeye mu kugenzura umutekano n’ubuziranenge bw’ibiribwa n’ibinyobwa, mu gihe RICA yibanda ku kurengera umuguzi no gukurikirana imikorere y’isoko.
MINISANTE yo ireba cyane cyane ingaruka ibicuruzwa bishobora kugira ku buzima rusange.
Ni muri urwo rwego ikibazo gikomeye gisigaye ari iki:
Niba ubu harafunzwe inganda zirenga 150 zikora ibinyobwa bitujuje ubuziranenge, ni gute izo nganda zashoboye gukora no kugeza ibicuruzwa ku isoko igihe kirekire, kandi nta kibazo nk’iki cyari cyagaragaye ku rugero ruriho ubu?
Ibi ntibihita bivuga ko inzego za Leta zananiwe inshingano
Kuba inganda nyinshi zarafunzwe ntibihita bivuga ko buri rwego cyangwa buri muyobozi wari ushinzwe igenzura yananiwe inshingano ze.
Hari itandukaniro hagati yo kubaza niba igenzura ryarakozwe neza no gushinja umuntu cyangwa urwego icyaha.
Ariko nanone, ubwinshi bw’inganda zafunzwe butanga impamvu ikomeye yo gusubira inyuma harebwa uko igenzura ryakorwaga mu myaka ishize.
Hakenewe ibisubizo ku bibazo nk’ibi:
Inganda zagenzurwaga kangahe?
Ni kangahe ibicuruzwa byapimwaga muri laboratwari?
Ni izihe nganda zari zarigeze kuburirwa cyangwa guhanwa?
Ni ibihe bicuruzwa byigeze gukurwa ku isoko?
Ni izihe nama cyangwa amabwiriza byahawe abakora ibinyobwa?
Ni gute amakuru y’ibibazo byagaragaye yageraga ku zindi nzego?
Ese ibihano byari bihagije kugira ngo ababikora batongera?
Ibi ni ibibazo bidakwiye gusubizwa n’ibitekerezo gusa, ahubwo bikwiye gushingirwa ku raporo z’igenzura, ibisubizo bya laboratwari, inyandiko z’impushya, inyandiko z’ibihano n’ibindi bimenyetso bifatika.
Ikibazo cy’uburyozwe bw’inzego
Iki kibazo kandi gifungura impaka nini ku bijyanye n’uburyozwe bw’inzego za Leta.
Iyo uruganda rukora igicuruzwa kitubahiriza ubuziranenge, uwagikoze ni we ugomba kubazwa inshingano.
Ariko iyo bigaragaye ko ikibazo cyari kimaze igihe kandi ibicuruzwa bikomeza kugera ku isoko, hakwiye no kurebwa niba uburyo bwo kugenzura no gukumira bwari bukora neza.
Ibi ntibisobanura ko abagenzuzi bagomba kubazwa buri kosa ryose rikozwe n’umucuruzi cyangwa uruganda.
Ahubwo bisaba kureba niba inshingano zashyizweho n’amategeko zarubahirijwe, niba igenzura ryakozwe ku buryo buhagije, ndetse niba amakuru y’ibibazo byagaragaye yarakurikiranwe.
Ikibazo cyagaragajwe na Senateri Evode
Impaka ku mikorere y’inzego n’uburyozwe bw’abayobozi na zo zagiye zigaragara mu biganiro byo mu nzego z’igihugu.
Senateri Evode Uwiringiyimana na we yagiye agaragaza ibibazo bijyanye n’imikorere y’inzego ndetse n’uburyo abayobozi bagomba kubazwa inshingano.
Ariko ku bijyanye n’iki kibazo cy’ibinyobwa bitujuje ubuziranenge, amagambo ye akwiye gushingirwa ku nyandiko cyangwa ijambo rye nyirizina kugira ngo hatagira amagambo amwitirirwa atarayavuze.
Ibi ni ingenzi cyane kuko ikibazo cy’ubuziranenge bw’ibinyobwa gikomeye kandi gisaba ko amakuru yose atangwa mu buryo bushingiye ku bimenyetso.
RIB ivuga iki ku bihano bishobora gutangwa?
Ikindi kibazo cyateje impaka ni icy’imyaka y’igifungo ishobora guhabwa abakora cyangwa bakwirakwiza ibinyobwa bitujuje ubuziranenge.
RIB yatangaje ko abakekwaho ibyaha bitandukanye bifitanye isano no gukora no gukwirakwiza ibinyobwa bitujuje ubuziranenge bashobora guhanishwa ibihano bishobora kugera ku myaka 25 y’igifungo, bitewe n’icyaha bazaba bahamijwe.
Ariko ibi ntibivuze ko buri muntu ufite uruganda rwafunzwe ahita ahanishwa imyaka 25.
Ibihano bigenwa n’icyaha umuntu ahamijwe ndetse n’ingingo y’amategeko yakurikijwe.
Urugero, Ingingo ya 132 bis y’Itegeko rigena ibyaha n’ibihano muri rusange iteganya igifungo cy’imyaka 3 kugeza kuri 5 n’ihazabu iri hagati ya miliyoni imwe na miliyoni eshatu z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda, cyangwa kimwe muri ibyo bihano, ku muntu ukora, ucuruza, ukwirakwiza cyangwa winjiza mu gihugu ibiribwa cyangwa ibinyobwa bitujuje ubuziranenge cyangwa bishobora kwangiza ubuzima.
Bityo, niba hari aho RIB ivuga igihano gishobora kugera ku myaka 25, hakwiye gusobanurwa neza icyaha n’ingingo y’amategeko byihariye bishingirwaho.
Ibi ni ingenzi kugira ngo abaturage batumva ko gufungwa kw’uruganda bihita bisobanura ko nyir’uruganda ahanishwa igihano kingana n’imyaka 25.
Gufunga inganda si iherezo ry’ikibazo
Gufunga inganda, gukura ibicuruzwa bitujuje ubuziranenge ku isoko no gufata abakekwaho ibyaha ni intambwe ikomeye mu kurinda ubuzima bw’abaturage.
Ariko ibyo byonyine ntibihagije.
Hanakenewe no kumenya impamvu ikibazo cyashoboye kugera kuri uru rwego, ingamba zafashwe mbere, izitarafashwe n’impamvu zitarafashwe.
Niba hari inganda zimaze imyaka zikora, zikagira impushya, zigatanga ibicuruzwa ku isoko ndetse zikagenzurwa n’inzego zitandukanye, ikibazo cy’ingenzi ntigikwiye kuba gusa ngo:
“Ni nde wakoze inzoga mbi?”
Hakwiye no kubazwa:
“Ni iki cyatumye inzoga mbi zigera ku isoko, kandi ni gute byashobokaga kumenya no gukumira iki kibazo mbere?”
Hakenewe isesengura rishingiye ku makuru
Kugira ngo ikibazo gikemuke burundu, hakenewe isesengura ryimbitse ry’imyaka ishize.
Hakwiye kurebwa umubare w’inganda zari zifite impushya, inshuro zagenzuwe, umubare w’ibicuruzwa byapimwe, ibibazo byagaragaye, ibihano byatanzwe n’ingamba zafashwe nyuma y’igenzura.
Hakwiye kandi kurebwa niba hari icyuho mu mikoranire y’inzego zitandukanye.
Ibi bishobora gufasha kumenya niba ikibazo cyaratewe ahanini n’abakora ibicuruzwa binyuranyije n’amategeko, cyangwa niba hari n’ahakenewe kunozwa mu buryo bwo kugenzura isoko.
Ikibazo cy’ubuzima rusange
Ikirenze byose, ikibazo cy’ibinyobwa bitujuje ubuziranenge ni ikibazo cy’ubuzima rusange.
Iyo ibinyobwa bishobora kwangiza ubuzima bigiye ku isoko, ingaruka ntiziguma ku ruganda. Zishobora kugera ku baguzi, mu miryango no muri serivisi z’ubuzima.
Ni yo mpamvu ibikorwa byo kugenzura ubuziranenge bidakwiye kuba iby’igihe gito cyangwa bikazwa gusa nyuma y’uko abantu batangiye kugira ibibazo.
Igenzura rikwiye kuba rikomeza, rishingiye ku makuru, ku bipimo bya laboratwari no ku gukurikirana isoko, kugira ngo ibibazo bitahurwe hakiri kare.
Kandi niba koko inganda zirenga 150 zarafunzwe kubera kutubahiriza ubuziranenge, ikibazo gikomeye igihugu gikwiye gusubiza si ukumenya gusa abazafungwa.
Ni ukumenya icyatumye ikibazo kigera kuri uru rwego n’ingamba zafatwa kugira ngo bitazongera.
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