Mu gihe ikibazo cy’umutekano mu Burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC) gikomeje kumara imyaka isaga 30, hakomeje kwibazwa niba ingamba mpuzamahanga zagiye zifatwa, cyane cyane ibihano byashyizwe ku bayobozi b’imitwe yitwaje intwaro, zaratanze umusaruro wari witezwe.
Mu myaka ishize, Umuryango w’Abibumbye, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika n’ibihugu by’i Burayi byagiye bishyira ibihano ku bayobozi n’abagize imitwe irimo FDLR na AFC/M23. Ibyo bihano birimo kubuzwa ingendo, gufatira imitungo no gushyiraho igitutu cya dipolomasi.
Ariko nyuma y’imyaka myinshi, ikibazo gikomeje kuba ingorabahizi. Abasesenguzi bibaza niba ibihano byonyine bishobora kuba igisubizo ku makimbirane afite imizi mu mateka, politiki, imiyoborere n’umutekano w’akarere.
Ku bijyanye na FDLR, bamwe mu basesenguzi bagaragaza ko ibihano bitagize impinduka ikomeye ku bushobozi bw’uyu mutwe umaze imyaka myinshi ukorera mu mashyamba yo mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC kuva nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994.
Bavuga ko benshi mu barwanyi ba FDLR bamaze imyaka myinshi mu duce tw’amashyamba, harimo hafi ya Pariki ya Virunga, kandi ko benshi muri bo nta mitungo izwi bafite mu bihugu by’amahanga, nta bikorwa by’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga bazwiho ndetse nta ngendo bakora mu bihugu ibihano byibandaho.
Ibi bituma hibazwa niba uburyo bwo kubuza ingendo cyangwa gufatira imitungo bushobora kugira ingaruka ku bantu badafite ibikorwa byinshi hanze y’igihugu, cyangwa niba hakenewe izindi ngamba zirimo gukemura impamvu zatumye uyu mutwe ukomeza kubaho imyaka myinshi.
Ku ruhande rwa AFC/M23, nubwo abayobozi bamwe b’uyu mutwe bashyiriweho ibihano, umutwe wakomeje kugira uruhare rukomeye mu bibazo by’umutekano mu Ntara za Kivu y’Amajyaruguru n’iy’Amajyepfo. Ibi byatumye bamwe bavuga ko ibihano bidahagije mu gukemura ikibazo gifite n’impande za politiki n’imibanire y’ibihugu.
Muri icyo gihe, igitutu mpuzamahanga cyakomeje kwiyongera ku Rwanda, aho hari ibihugu n’imiryango mpuzamahanga bishinja Kigali gushyigikira AFC/M23, ibyo u Rwanda rwakomeje guhakana. Abayobozi b’u Rwanda bavuga ko ikibazo cy’umutekano w’akarere kidakwiye kureberwa gusa ku bikorwa bya M23, ahubwo ko hakwiye no kwitabwaho ikibazo cya FDLR n’impungenge z’umutekano Kigali ikunze kugaragaza.
Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga w’u Rwanda, Olivier Nduhungirehe, yagiye agaragaza ko ibibazo by’akarere bidashobora gukemurwa n’ibihano gusa, ahubwo ko hakenewe inzira ya politiki n’ibiganiro bigamije gukemura ibibazo by’umuzi.
Hari kandi impaka ku ruhare rw’ibihugu bikomeye mu gukemura ikibazo cya RDC. Bamwe mu basesenguzi bavuga ko Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika n’ibihugu bimwe by’i Burayi byagiye bigaragara nk’ibishyigikira cyane imyanya ya Kinshasa, bavuga ko ibyo bishobora kuba bifitanye isano n’inyungu za politiki n’ubukungu, cyane cyane kubera umutungo kamere wa RDC urimo amabuye y’agaciro afite akamaro mu ikoranabuhanga n’inganda z’ingufu.
Abashyigikira uruhare rw’ibihugu by’iburengerazuba bo bavuga ko intego yabo ari ugushyigikira ubusugire bwa RDC, kurwanya imitwe yitwaje intwaro no gushaka amahoro arambye mu karere.
Muri iki gihe, amaso menshi ahanzwe ku biganiro bya Doha, aho benshi babona nk’umwanya ushobora gutanga amahirwe mashya yo kugera ku gisubizo cya politiki. Abasesenguzi bavuga ko ibiganiro bishobora kuba inzira irenze uburyo bwo gushyira ibihano gusa, kuko bishobora guha impande zihanganye umwanya wo kuganira ku mpamvu z’ingenzi zateye amakimbirane.
Nubwo bimeze bityo, haracyari ikibazo ku ruhare rw’umuhuza, cyane cyane Amerika, aho bamwe bibaza niba impande zose zizabona ubuhuza nk’ubutabogama kandi bushobora gutuma ibyumvikanyweho bishyirwa mu bikorwa.
Mu gusoza, nyuma y’imyaka isaga 30 y’intambara mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC, biracyagaragara ko ibihano byagize uruhare mu gushyiraho igitutu mpuzamahanga, ariko bitarabasha gukemura burundu ikibazo cy’umutekano. Amahirwe menshi asa n’ayerekeza ku biganiro bya Doha, ariko umusaruro wabyo uzashingira ku bushake bwa politiki bw’impande zose no ku bushobozi bwo gukemura ibibazo by’umuzi bimaze imyaka myinshi biteraumutekano muke muri aka karere.
Ally Mwizerwa
Rwandatribune
