Mu gihe hashize imyaka myinshi hakorwa ibiganiro bigamije kurangiza amakimbirane mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC), amahoro arambye aracyari kure.
Impuguke mu mategeko no mu mishyikirano mpuzamahanga, Roger-Claude Liwanga, yagaragaje ko kimwe mu bishobora kuba bitinza igisubizo ari uburyo bwo guhora hatangizwa ibiganiro bishya kandi ibyabanje bitararangira cyangwa ngo ibyemezo byabifatiwemo bishyirwe mu bikorwa.
Mu nyandiko y’ibitekerezo yasohoye, Liwanga avuga ko kuva umutwe wa M23 wongeye kubura imirwano mu mpera za 2021, habayeho ibiganiro byinshi byabereye mu mijyi itandukanye irimo Nairobi, Luanda, Washington, Doha na Montreux. Nubwo ibyo biganiro byari bigamije gushaka amahoro, ibikorwa by’urugomo biracyakomeje, abaturage bagakomeza guhunga, ndetse imitwe yitwaje intwaro ikagumana ubushobozi bwo guhungabanya umutekano.
Dipolomasi ikomeje kwaguka, amahoro akomeza gusubira inyuma
Liwanga avuga ko dipolomasi iba igamije kurangiza intambara, ariko mu kibazo cya RDC hari aho isa n’iyitindiza.
Asobanura ko buri gihe iyo ibiganiro bimwe bitaratanga umusaruro, hahita hatangizwa ibindi bishya, bigatuma inzira yo gushaka amahoro iba ndende kandi ivangavanze.
Agereranya ibi n’udupupe tw’Abarusiya (Matryoshka), aho ufungura agapupe kamwe ugasanga karimo akandi, na ko kakagira akandi, kugeza igihe wibagirwa icyari kigamijwe. Avuga ko ari na ko byagenze mu biganiro by’amahoro bya RDC.
Inzira nyinshi z’ibiganiro zidahuzwa
Yagaragaje ko habanje inzira ya Nairobi, yari igamije gukemura ikibazo cy’imitwe yitwaje intwaro yo muri Congo, ikurikirwa n’iya Luanda, yibanze ku mubano wa RDC n’u Rwanda.
Nyuma yaho haje ibiganiro bya Washington, byibanze ku bibazo by’umutekano n’umubano hagati ya Kinshasa na Kigali, bikarangira hasinywe Amasezerano y’Amahoro ya Washington ku wa 27 Kamena 2025. Icyakora, byinshi mu byemeranyijwe ntibirashyirwa mu bikorwa uko byari biteganyijwe.
Hari kandi ibiganiro bya Doha hagati ya Guverinoma ya RDC na AFC/M23, biyobowe na Qatar, aho muri porotokole umunani zari ziteganyijwe, esheshatu zitararangira, mu gihe ebyiri zasinywe na zo zitarashyirwa mu bikorwa mu buryo bwuzuye.
Muri icyo gihe kandi, Umuryango wa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe washyizeho gahunda y’ibiganiro hagati y’Abanyekongo, iyobowe na Perezida wa Angola, João Lourenço, ndetse n’amadini yo muri RDC na yo atangiza ibiganiro bigamije guhuza abanyapolitiki b’icyo gihugu.
Buri wese afite gahunda ye
Liwanga avuga ko ikibazo gikomeye ari uko buri rwego ruyobora ibiganiro rugira gahunda yarwo, abahuza barwo n’ibyo rwibandaho. Kubera kutagira uburyo bumwe bwo guhuza izo gahunda no gukurikirana ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ibyemezo bifatwa, ibiganiro bikomeza kwiyongera aho gutanga ibisubizo bifatika.
Avuga ko hari n’abungukira muri ubu buryo. Hari ibihugu bikoresha ibiganiro byinshi kugira ngo bigabanye igitutu mpuzamahanga cyangwa bishakire inyungu za dipolomasi.
Ku rundi ruhande, imitwe yitwaje intwaro nka AFC/M23 na FDLR na yo iboneraho igihe cyo kongera kwisuganya cyangwa gushimangira imyanya igenzura.
Ikibazo nyamukuru ni ukubura ubushake bwa politiki
Nubwo yemera ko ikibazo cyo mu burasirazuba bwa RDC gifite impamvu nyinshi zisaba inzira zitandukanye zo kugikemura, Liwanga ashimangira ko ikibazo nyamukuru atari ubwinshi bw’ibiganiro, ahubwo ari ukubura ubushake bwa politiki bwo kubahiriza no gushyira mu bikorwa amasezerano yamaze gusinywa.
Asanga amahoro arambye azagerwaho ari uko inzira zose z’ibiganiro zahuzwa, zikagira icyerekezo kimwe, gahunda ihuriweho ndetse n’urwego rukurikirana ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ibyemezo byafashwe.
Yasoje avuga ko Umuryango wa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe wakagombye gushyiraho urwego ruhuza inzira zose z’ibiganiro, zirimo izabereye i Washington, Doha n’izindi ziteganyijwe hagati y’Abanyekongo, kugira ngo dipolomasi ibe igikoresho cyo gukemura amakimbirane aho kuba inzira idashira y’ibiganiro bidatanga amahoro arambye.
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